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Facilitation and restoration of cognitive function in primate prefrontal cortex by a neuroprosthesis that utilizes minicolumn-specific neural firing

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Facilitation and restoration of cognitive function in primate prefrontal cortex by a neuroprosthesis that utilizes minicolumn-specific neural firing

Auteurs : Robert E. Hampson [États-Unis] ; Greg A. Gerhardt [États-Unis] ; Vasilis Marmarelis [États-Unis] ; Dong Song [États-Unis] ; Ioan Opris [États-Unis] ; Lucas Santos [États-Unis] ; Theodore W. Berger [États-Unis] ; Sam A. Deadwyler [États-Unis]

Source :

Journal of Neural Engineering [ 1741-2560 ] ; 2012-10.

RBID : ISTEX:ED5C958E55442DF5FB65303B081C35A9077C018E

Abstract

Objective. Maintenance of cognitive control is a major concern for many human disease conditions therefore, a major goal of human neuroprosthetics is to facilitate andor recover the cognitive function when such circumstances impair appropriate decision making. Approach. Minicolumnar activity from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was recorded from nonhuman primates trained to perform a delayed match to sample (DMS), via custom-designed conformal multielectrode arrays that provided inter-laminar recordings from neurons in the PFC layer 23 and layer 5. Such recordings were analyzed via a previously demonstrated nonlinear multi-inputmulti-output (MIMO) neuroprosthesis in rodents, which extracted and characterized multicolumnar firing patterns during DMS performance. Main results. The MIMO model verified that the conformal recorded individual PFC minicolumns responded to entrained target selections in patterns critical for successful DMS performance. This allowed the substitution of task-related layer 5 neuron firing patterns with electrical stimulation in the same recording regions during columnar transmission from layer 23 at the time of target selection. Such stimulation improved normal task performance, but more importantly, recovered performance when applied as a neuroprosthesis following the pharmacological disruption of decision making in the same task. Significance. These findings provide the first successful application of neuroprosthesis in the primate brain designed specifically to restore or repair the disrupted cognitive function.

Url:

DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/9/5/056012

Affiliations:

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<front><div type="abstract">Objective. Maintenance of cognitive control is a major concern for many human disease conditions therefore, a major goal of human neuroprosthetics is to facilitate andor recover the cognitive function when such circumstances impair appropriate decision making. Approach. Minicolumnar activity from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was recorded from nonhuman primates trained to perform a delayed match to sample (DMS), via custom-designed conformal multielectrode arrays that provided inter-laminar recordings from neurons in the PFC layer 23 and layer 5. Such recordings were analyzed via a previously demonstrated nonlinear multi-inputmulti-output (MIMO) neuroprosthesis in rodents, which extracted and characterized multicolumnar firing patterns during DMS performance. Main results. The MIMO model verified that the conformal recorded individual PFC minicolumns responded to entrained target selections in patterns critical for successful DMS performance. This allowed the substitution of task-related layer 5 neuron firing patterns with electrical stimulation in the same recording regions during columnar transmission from layer 23 at the time of target selection. Such stimulation improved normal task performance, but more importantly, recovered performance when applied as a neuroprosthesis following the pharmacological disruption of decision making in the same task. Significance. These findings provide the first successful application of neuroprosthesis in the primate brain designed specifically to restore or repair the disrupted cognitive function.</div>
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Facilitation and restoration of cognitive function in primate prefrontal cortex by a neuroprosthesis that utilizes minicolumn-specific neural firing

Facilitation and restoration of cognitive function in primate prefrontal cortex by a neuroprosthesis that utilizes minicolumn-specific neural firing

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